Which term describes a hacker who uses skills to improve security by finding vulnerabilities with permission?

• A. White Hat
• B. Black Hat
• C. Cracker
• D. Script Kiddie

Answer: (A)

Ethical hacking means using security skills with explicit permission to uncover weaknesses so an organization can strengthen its defenses. The term for someone who does this to improve security, with permission, is a white hat hacker. They perform tasks like vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to report findings and help fix gaps. This is different from a black hat hacker, who breaks in or causes damage without authorization for malicious gain. A cracker is typically someone who defeats security measures to steal or disrupt, often illegally. A script kiddie relies on pre-made tools without deep understanding, usually with less skill. With proper authorization and a defense-focused mindset, the white hat approach is about responsibly improving security.